Overview
Flattened, agile and built for squeezing into impossibly narrow spaces, the pancake tortoise is one of Africa’s most unusual reptiles. Unlike most tortoises, which rely on a thick, rigid shell for protection, this species has a remarkably flat and flexible shell that allows it to disappear deep inside rocky crevices.
Pancake tortoises live in scattered rocky habitats across Tanzania and Kenya, with a small number of records extending into neighbouring parts of East Africa. They are closely tied to kopjes, hillsides and exposed rock formations where narrow cracks provide shelter from predators, heat and fire.
Their specialised lifestyle also makes them vulnerable. Suitable rocky habitat is naturally limited, while collection for the international pet trade and the loss or disturbance of habitat have caused major declines. The species is now classified as Critically Endangered.
Behaviour & How to Identify
Look for a small tortoise with an unusually low, flattened shell patterned in shades of yellow, brown and dark radiating lines. Females are generally slightly larger than males, but both sexes have the same distinctive flexible shell.
When threatened, a pancake tortoise does not normally withdraw fully inside its shell. Instead, it runs towards the nearest rock crevice, wedges itself tightly inside and braces its strong legs against the stone. Its flattened body makes it extremely difficult for a predator to pull it free.
Pancake tortoises are more agile than their appearance suggests. They can climb over rocks, move quickly across short distances and navigate steep surfaces while travelling between shelter and feeding areas.
Interesting facts
Their shells are flexible rather than heavily armoured. Reduced bone development leaves openings within the shell structure, allowing the body to compress slightly inside narrow cracks.
They escape danger by running rather than withdrawing. A pancake tortoise can move surprisingly quickly towards a crevice and wedge itself firmly inside.
Females usually lay only one egg at a time. This slow reproductive rate makes it difficult for depleted populations to recover quickly.