Overview
Almost motionless among leaves and branches, the flap-necked chameleon can disappear into its surroundings with remarkable ease. Its slow, rocking movements imitate vegetation stirred by the wind, helping it approach prey without attracting attention.
Although often described as a master of camouflage, colour change serves several purposes. A flap-necked chameleon may shift between shades of green, brown, yellow and darker tones in response to temperature, light, stress and communication with other chameleons—not simply to match whatever it is sitting on.
The species takes its name from the loose flaps of skin extending from the back of the head. These can be raised during defensive or courtship displays, making the chameleon appear larger and more imposing. Its independently moving eyes and rapidly extending tongue allow it to locate and capture insects with extraordinary precision.
Behaviour & How to Identify
Look for a medium-sized chameleon with a laterally flattened body, grasping feet, a tightly curling tail and visible flaps behind the head. Colour varies considerably, but green, yellowish brown and earthy tones are common, sometimes accompanied by pale stripes or spots.
Each eye can move independently, allowing the chameleon to scan in different directions without moving its head. Once prey is detected, both eyes turn towards it to judge distance before the tongue shoots forward and grips the insect with its enlarged, sticky tip.
When threatened, they may flatten the body, inflate themselves, open the mouth, raise the neck flaps and display stronger colours. They generally rely on camouflage and intimidation rather than biting, although a cornered individual may defend itself.
Interesting facts
Their colours reflect more than camouflage. Temperature, mood, stress and social signalling can all influence the shades and patterns displayed.
Their eyes can scan independently. One eye may look forwards while the other watches behind, giving the chameleon an unusually wide field of view.
Their tongue can strike with extraordinary speed. The tongue is projected towards prey and retracts almost immediately, carrying the insect back to the mouth.